Technological change

Since the decade of 50’s to nowadays, in the society has existed a conversion of technology, all the electronic devices have changed from analogical to digital.

The technology was considered to be an instrument that allows advance linearly; for this reason we can define the technological change how: Introduction of new methods of production or new products in order to raise the productivity of the existing inputs, or to increase the marginal products. It improves in the knowledge on the methods of production or of new products that affect the productivity, the production and can promote the competition between companies.  

In the process of technological change has existed 4 elements that have influenced in a very important way, innovation, communication channels, social system and time.

The changes and transformations in the technology turn into innovations, which they affect both to the process of production and to the own product. The companies try to obtain technological innovations across activities of research and development (research and development) or across his experience or his contacts with the scientific institutions.
Communication channels are the means by which a source conveys a message to a receiver. Information may be exchanged through two fundamentally different, yet complementary, channels of communication. Awareness is more often obtained through the mass media, while uncertainty reduction that leads to acceptance mostly results from face-to-face communication.
The social system provides a medium through which and boundaries within which, innovation is adopted. The structure of the social system affects technological change in several ways. Social norms, opinion leaders, change agents, government and the consequences of innovations are all involved. Also involved are cultural setting, nature of political institutions, laws, policies and administrative structures.
Time enters into the acceptance process in several ways. The time dimension relates to the innovativeness of an individual or other adopter, which is the relative earliness or lateness with which an innovation is adopted.

         Att: Joan Carbonell

Technological change 2

Continuing with the technological change in this writing I want to speak about the electronic devices of yesterday and today.

One of the devices which has had major impact in the society has been the television. In the decade of the 60’s the television came to Spain, a square device, in black and white and you only could see one channel, TVE.

Nowadays the television is a device with few centimetres of depth, with an excellent colour and definition, and a very big number of channels.

Later we can find the radio, is another of the most important devices in our society, at first the radio was a big device, generally of wood, with a few wheels to tune the frequency to that you wanted to listen and a couple of wires that were in use as antenna.

On the one hand, at present are devices with the approximately size of a bulb, on the other hand also they have been inserted in cars to do the travels more comfortables.

Finally I will end this text speaking about the mobile phones, when they went out to the market they were a few briefcases with a giant terminal and with the only function of call, but it has measured that has advanced the time they have been increasingly small and the usefulness is very wide, as call, messages, Internet connection, games or mp3.

         Att: Joan Carbonell

Journalism process

The process of the written press begins when the journalist goes in search of the notice and compiles all the necessary information, later it edits the news being based on 5 basic guidelines for the draft of a correct news, them 5W (what, who, where, when and why)

When the new is finished, the notice is taken to the department of draft in order that they put the news in the draft of the newspaper.

When the news already is structured and organized is taken to the department of impression and they print more or less press depending on the readers that have

Later they are organized by distribution zones, are raised to the trucks and distribute for the kiosks on 6 a.m.

Then the people buy it and read it during the day. The following day already it does not serve, therefore it’s possible to say that the useful life of the newspapers is 1 day.

But following days is used as a paper to dry when the floor is washed-up or in some houses to make to ignite bonfires, barbecues or this kind of things.

         Att: Joan Carbonell

Journalism in radio

The radio has a few own characteristics that distinguish it from other mass media.

First of all it’s a blind medium, has like principal features the sound, the essence, creativity, credibility and images that correspond to the listener to create them.

By other way you can find radio as a secondary medium, because it use flexibility, immediacy, the time and it’s ephemeral.

There exist factors that are determinant at the moment of developing a qualitative radio, are the words, music, sound effects and silence.

The word in radio always is written before and later declared, and the characteristics are intensity, durability, tone and stamp.

Music can be use for transmit, narrate or make sensations and emotions that determine and affect the listener.

Later you can find sound effects, which are a group of sonorous forms, represented by sounds that come from a natural or artificial source.

Finally, there is silence, that can transmit emotions and we can use like a referential, expressive, descriptive, narrative, argumentative or communicative situation.

Also are 5 sonorous planes at the moment of producing radio, first plane, which is the principal reference of sonorous fragment, second plane, which has less intensity.

For the end, exist too third plane, plane of bottom and first-ever the first plane

         Att: Joan Carbonell

Journalism in television

The television is a way of communication that has reached diffusion without precedents, is used by a lot of people to satisfy needs of information and entertainment.

The power of television takes root in his capacity of impact and social penetration due to his audio-visual perception.

The television is one of the most accessible mediums, due to the fact that it’s presents in the majority of houses and does not need formation to consume it.

It generates habits, tastes and preferences but every day more mass media like the television are more objective.

Nowadays, there exist two types of television journalism, which we can find in the telenotices, and which are focused like reality shows or programs destined to generate audience, like “Sálvame” or "DEC"

The latter type of journalism I believe that it is doing very much damage to the society, because they do not reflect the moral values that help that the society prospers and improves, and they devote themselves to tell the life of the famous people only to earn money.

Finally I want express that the journalism in the current television can improve the quality of the contents with articles and better photos

Source: Youtube

         Att: Joan Carbonell

INTRODUCTION: 1) INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM: Pau

Hey, what's up? I'm Pau Estella, in my articles, I'm going to explain and say my opinion about the diferent ways of journalism in  the actuallity. 

Investigative journalism consists to  collect  and  publish  information through the work and personal initiative, about some issues or events of importance and interest ,that  a social group and some people and organizations want to  keep secret.

Investigative journalism contains three basic elements: research from the reporter work, covering the facts relevant to the reader overview, and someone tries  to  keep  the public  aware of these facts. The dissemination of the information collected is done through different media or technical support, there are graphic, oral, visual and multimedia investigative journalism. Includes a variety of genres, including  interview journalistic,  documentary, short films and article.
Investigative journalist is subjected to multiple pressures that make this activity a difficult  and not without risk. Conflicts are created, so that most investigative journalists define this as a working journalist in adversity. Sometimes it can affect one's  physical integrity of journalists.

2) THE IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOJOURNALISM - Pau

Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism  based in collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for publication, that creates images in order to tell a news story. 

Since the 1960s, electronic flash, auto-focus, better lenses and other camera enhancements have made picture taking easier. New digital cameras free photojournalists from the limitation of the film roll length, as thousands of images can be stored on a memory card.

Formerly, nearly 30 minutes were needed to transmit a single color photograph from a place to a news office for printing. Now, equipped with a digital camera, a cellphones and a laptop computer, a photojournalist can send a high-quality image in minutes, even seconds after he/she takes the photo. 

 There is some concern by news photographers that the profession of photojournalism as it is known today could change to such a degree that it is unrecognizable as image-capturing technology naturally progresses.

 However, the widespread use of cameras as a way of reporting news did not come until the advent of smaller, more portable cameras that used the enlargeable film negative to record images.

The age of the citizen journalist and the attainment of news photos from amateur photographers have contributed to the art of photojournalism. 

3) DIGITAL JOURNALISM IS THE FUTURE - Pau

While digital journalism has opened many doors to getting news to everyone, it has also initiated some problems. Because news is expected to be covered at an alarming rate, it has made the job of the traditional journalist more difficult. While news sources want to reveal news as soon as possible, there is only so much accuracy one can obtain in a short amount of time. In the legacy system, there was much more time to edit for credibility. Within the new media, digital age, we are in a cycle of immediacy.

Because of the rapid development of digital journalism, there are now many choices of news sources. There are countless news sites on the Internet, and also blogs. One of the problems, however, is that with more news sites, credibility becomes an issue. Most people hold blogs in low regard as far as credibility, but oftentimes they report factual news first. There is a give and take with blogs. Readers have to be able to decide if what they're reading is valid or not. So again, there are the disadvantages and advantages to new media.

The effects of digital journalism can be felt around the world.

4) SPORT JOURNALISM - Pau

Nowadays in Spain, the sports journalism is growing up due to the importance of all the Spanish success in the sport’s world. The Spanish national team, Alberto Contador, Rafael Nadal and Fernando Alonso are only a part of the Spanish sporting success. As these national triumphs grow up, the sale of sports press and the importance of sports media are also growing up. Currently in Spain, economic crisis has shocked the whole society, unemployment is rising like foam, and sporting events are a distraction to Spanish society, sad about the current employment situation. Written sports press is one of the most sold press in the country. The sports newspaper called MARCA is the most sold newspaper in Spain, ahead of other mainstream media newspapers as EL PAIS or EL MUNDO. There is also a important difference between Madrid and Barcelona sports press, which reflects the difference between the “two Spains”. Finally I can say that the sports media in my country are too important, despite the country’s current problems, but our society chooses what hey want to read and watch, and that can’t be controlled.

5) YELLOW PRESS

Sincerely I accept that I watch many yellow press programs on tv, yes, I watch them, not to entertain myself but rather to see and accept that yellow press is bad and deplorable. And know that people who join in these programs dare to refer to countries of America or Africa as the Third World ... The truth is that in this country called Spain journalism is made by few thugs who are used to sit all mornings and  afternoons to "discuss the lives of others", they have never spent energy in their lives working in  journalism,  just have found the way to live with lies, trouble and ordinariness, easy way to make money ... It's a shame that the people who went to Journalism College  nowadays  are engaged in long mornings and afternoons to make up  stories,  encourage unnecessary fights between a couple of stupid people, or create a  hostile  environment  and others, while they earn lots of money ...  This pseudo journalists crew are making rubbish. In Spain there is not a Television Council which can regulate the use  and  abuse of  a few that do not respect nobody. There is no legal way  to stop these crooks in the lives of others. That´s really a shame...

online journalism ethics

Journalism is evolving rapidly in a “mixed media” of traditional newspapers and broadcast stations combined with a “new media” of on-line journalists.

These developments in journalism are driven by vast economic and technological changes. Some of these trends have profound ethical import for journalism. This section provides a brief description of some trends that impact on journalism ethics.

Proliferation of news mediaFirst came cable television. Then satellite. Soon online versions of newspapers augmented the news media scene. Now millions of bloggers, countless web sites, web broadcasts, and “podcasts” have become mainstream. All make up the “body” of today’s news media, and there is no visible end to this proliferation. The main ethical implications are threefold: increased competition has effected the quality of news reports, the public has heightened its demand for transparency, and the news world’s understanding of copyright has ceased to suffice.

Newsmakers face increasing competition to cover all the pertinent stories and reach sources before their competitors. CNN and website news have resorted to wall-to-wall, 24 hour coverage to ensure that they can provide the story to their readers/viewers as soon as it occurs. The danger is that speed will prevail over accuracy, and journalists will exchange their ethical motives as fact-checking truth-seekers for the love of breaking a story -- any story.

However, an increase in competition also has led some news organizations to distinguish themselves from less responsible outlets by being more transparent about how they do their work. Journalists who want to set their articles apart as truthful and comprehensive have begun giving the public access to their sources. Studies are equipped with margins of error, assertions are backed by supporting web links, and anonymity granted to sources is thoroughly explained.

While some journalists turn to transparency to justify the claims in their reports, others have resorted to a much more careless form of writing, dubbed “journalism of assertion.” Many blogs and independent e-zines, lacking an engrained sense of duty to the truth or to readers, have developed a journalistic style of unsubstantiated opinion. Ideas are accrued and then restated, without regard to their origin or factuality.

The fact that information can be so easily accessed and then redistributed on the internet has lent itself to yet another trend: questioning the value of copyright. According to Piers Fawkes, co-creator of PSFK, a collaborative trend-reporting site, copyright has lost its value. “A blogger’s job is to spread ideas,” proclaims Fawkes. “They may be our ideas or the great ideas of others – but blogging gives an unparalleled way of passing those ideas on to others . . . the reason we write is not to control our ideas, not to look clever. We write to add our ideas to the global discussion.”

Changes in news media audiencesThe proliferation of news outlets means that audiences can read and watch their news on various channels and web sites. In other words, media audiences have fragmented. No longer does an overwhelming majority of Canadians sit down in the evening to watch one or two major TV newscasts. People get their news updated throughout the day, when they want it. They surf the web to find the stories that interest them. Some describe these niche audiences as impatient, “remote control” audiences, who want the information they’re seeking without delay and without additional, unsought news.

In response, more and more news outlets cater to smaller and smaller demographics or “niches.” The risk is that journalists will no longer seek to provide the public with comprehensive accounts of the day’s top stories from many areas of life, but will focus narrowly on “niche news” that is of interest to narrow sectors of the population. An additional danger is that the public will no longer come together, through the news media, to deliberate over common issues. Instead, the public will fragment into many special-interest audiences.

Convergence of mediaThe fragmentation of the news audience has prompted some major news organizations to attempt to “re-assemble” a large news audience by providing news across many media platforms. Major organizations such as CNN in the United States and CanWest in Canada seek to own and provide news via a convergence of their newspapers, television stations and web sites. Meanwhile, journalists are urged to embrace multi-media reporting -- the ability to report for print, broadcast and the internet.

Business ValuesAs newsrooms become small parts of large corporations, there is a danger that profit-seeking and economic imperatives may cause newsrooms to compromise their ethical standards. Business values, such as the need to meet the demand of investors and advertisers, may trump journalistic integrity. Since many news companies are publicly financed corporations, newsroom owners or their senior staff may feel the pressure of investor-friendly quarterly reports. Inside the newsrooms, journalists may find themselves in conflicts of interest -- reporting on economic and other issues that may have a direct affect on interests of their news corporation.

Some of the positive and negative effects:Far-reaching change usually has positive and negative effects. The same is true of recent trends in journalism.

Some positive effects of change:
• Interactivity: Increased ability of the public to actively search for their own information and to interact online with news web sites
• Increased public access to different forms and types of media; access to a greater diversity of content
• Reduced “gatekeeping” powers of major news organizations; less power to set the news agenda or manipulate the public’s understanding of events
• New and powerful story-telling methods through multi-media technology
• Convergence in news may mean more resources to probe issues

Some negative effects of change:• Rise in “journalism of assertion”: unsubstantiated opinion and rumor which harms journalistic credibility; lack of restraint among online writers
• Pressure to lower ethical standards and sensationalize stories
• Public complaints about how a “ubiquitous” media violate personal privacy
• Confusion about who is a journalist, when anyone can publish
• Ethical “vertigo” regarding news values, newsworthiness, credibility. What standards are appropriate for this new “mixed media”?

att:Sonia

Social media

Social media is a rapidly growing phenomenon of the last few years that allows users of social media sites to engage with people across the world. The attendees of the 2010 140 Conference in New York City lent insight into what social media will mean for the future of journalism and how we can use social media to our advantage as journalists.

att: Sonia

The Media Revolution

The video speaks about the future of the Medias. It says that the internet is the future, because include television, radio, newspapers, advertising… I disagree, because I think that internet don't have everything!   People don’t think the comfort and convenience of using the usual Medias, rather than internet. Is not the same read a newspaper than read in a computer.

att: Sonia

Newspapers Vs Internet News

I found this article, and i post it because i think that is interesting the differences between newspapers and internet. And the actually problem with the newspapers. More people think that the news in internet are the future, but also there are many people who think that the newspapers don't disappear.


Once, it was difficult to imagine morning without a newspaper. We wake up, drink a cup of coffee and read newspapers in order to find latest news in the country and around the world. Today the world has changed. Every hour there is news, every minute something happens. In order to get the latest news, just go to the internet. And if you prefer, you can even get updates (the results of football games, for example), directly to the mobile phone. And this, of course, without any mention of television news channels, which broadcast 24 hours a day. So who really needs the newspapers and there is still the future of this industry?

First of all, many people read newspapers from the habit. Indeed, why, to change anything? Why switch on a computer or TV, if tomorrow morning we will find a newspaper at the door. And if there has been something abnormal sooner, we will probably hear about it on TV. The feeling of reading the newspaper like reading books, and it is rooted in many people. You can read during meals, in bed before sleep, or even in the bathroom. You can certainly use the laptop in these places, but it is far less convenient.
Major newspapers around the world have already noticed this problem a long time. They understand that the news on the Internet is the future. It should also join this trend and this will help in particular to promote the newspaper. Who does not do so, will be left behind. Creating new and popular site with interesting material is not detrimental to the newspaper, but also expands the sources of funding. Many of those who advertise on the Internet are not always advertised in the newspapers. Thus, a circle, in which newspaper promotes the website and the website, brings new readers to the newspaper. Of course, the web site which belongs to well-known newspaper has an excellent starting point on the Internet.
Statistics around the world shows that the number of readers of newspapers is falling every year, and this is very reasonable. The younger generation does not have a natural attraction to the paper, newspapers and books and they are more drawn to the buttons and screens. Therefore, it is clear that slowly, most of the budget of papers will move on to the Internet. During this transition period, they must retain its best reporters, or their level falls, and they will lose many readers.
Personally, I and my family have long ceased to read newspapers, and it happened as soon as I realized that all the news that I read there, I already knew from websites or TV. If the newspaper does not give new information, so why buy it and spend precious time. Online news sites saves time, allows you to filter content, and make information retrieval comfortable and efficient. I like sites that collect the latest news from different sources. This way you can get convenient and most reliable objective information.


att: Sonia Corchero

Journalism crisis

In this video, experts at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, speak about the journalism crisis had “reached meltdown proportions” and that “some major cities will not longer have a newspaper”. The experts recognize the magnitude of the challenges facing established print and broadcast news organizations, but at the same time, are preparing a new generation of journalists for the opportunities that are being created by the changing media landscape, marked by advances in technology and expanded use of the Internet.

As the industry undergoes rapid transformation, the Journalism School is ensuring that their students have the training and skills to be competitive in the evolving landscape. Journalism professionals need to be able to meet the changing expectations of news consumers.  In particular, students at the school are learning to develop a “digital media mindset”—how to think about news stories from an online perspective.

“Transitions are always an exciting time to be able to do groundbreaking and innovative journalism.” Assure the professors.  

att: Sonia Corchero